Human papillomavirus - is one of the most dangerous pathogens of various diseases, including these include genital warts in women. The causative agent of the disease usually occurs in the epithelial cells. The epithelium is particularly fertile for the reproduction of the virus, when a woman is pregnant, as well as at various secretions from the vagina and rectum.
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As warts are transmitted
The virus is transmitted by direct contact with warts, but marked, and such cases where the disease did not develop as a result of direct contact. Naturally, transmission occurs primarily during sexual intercourse, it is not necessary that the warts were at a partner, he can simply be infected and perform transmitter. It often happens that, together with the disease, there are other sexual infections. Genital warts - are benign, but there are cases of development and transformation into malignant. So as soon as there were signs of the disease, should immediately contact a doctor.
Particularly susceptible to genital warts in women under 25 years old, sexually active.
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The appearance of warts
The most common warts in appearance compared with cauliflower, as it were, on the leg or filaments attached to the skin, the formation may be one or more. The color they range from off-white to burgundy. Sometimes they smell bad. No pain, they do not deliver, unless they are not damaged mechanically. They are mainly located in the genital areas, cervix, vagina, anus, urethra and perineum.
Symptoms, which often lead women to the doctor - it is painful urination and lower abdomen near the external genitalia. This disease can manifest as discomfort and pain during intercourse. Most primary symptoms - is itching and burning in the allocation, which resulted in the formation of genital warts.
Most often, they affect the genital organs in women: the clitoris, labia, perineum, vagina, cervix and anus.
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Diagnosis of genital warts in women
Of course, to diagnose this disease in the clinic only. The most common is DNA diagnostics. It is the most accurate method to recognize the symptoms of the disease, the degree of development and identify possible complications. Since the reproductive system most often affects the disease, that is, when it extends to the urethra. In this case, it can only diagnose a cystoscopy. The most dangerous consequence of the disease may be a precancerous condition.
It is worth noting that they themselves called warts that appear when the disease, delivering severe discomfort and can grow over time, and increasing the inconvenience. If such warts are not engaged in and do not treat them to a doctor, you can accidentally knock over such education. When genital warts are located in areas that build-up can damage during intercourse. However, it may start to bleed or hurt. This can be dangerous, and will serve to further development of the disease and even cause complications.
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Methods of treatment of warts
All methods of treatment of this disease can only be used under the supervision of a doctor and the clinic. In the earlier stages of treatment is a milder form, so if symptoms like genital warts just appeared, professional help is necessary to address immediately, the sooner the better.
Offered in clinics methods differ in cost and complexity of their conduct. All of them are based on influencing the warts themselves. The cheapest method of removing warts - is burning them with liquid nitrogen. It is called cryosurgery and requires special care of, so this operation should conduct a real expert.
Another fairly cheap method that can treat warts, called thermocoagulation. It is held under anesthesia, as the means to get rid of warts by burning. As a result, the place that was hit with warts, covered with scabs that eventually fall off.
Treatment can be performed by chemical degradation. This is an inexpensive way to remove warts, but it is considered very effective and generally painless, which is especially important due to the fact that most often affected are the genital area. The essence of this method consists in treating tissue susceptible to this disease drugs.
There are also more modern methods of removing genital warts. This treatment involves the use of laser. The method is known as laser destruction, the essence of it is to destroy the laser warts. This method is effective and safe enough, but because of the fact that it is fairly new, it is more expensive than all the others above.
Even more expensive treatment implies a costly modern equipment, the activity of which is based on radio waves with a high frequency. In this case, healing takes place processed per day. This method is called radiosurgery removal.
This treatment does not completely eliminate the disease, and only takes a relapse and facilitates the patient's condition. The virus is still in the skin, where they were warts, although superficially it looks quite healthy. But at any time the virus can be developed, activate and start breeding.
Unfortunately, according to statistics, again, this disease occurs in 30% of cases, even when the treatment was carried out with the most modern methods. This disease is introduced into the category of incurable infections. To avoid the risk of such diseases should be periodically examine the genitals. It is especially important to do an analysis on the HPV in the case of pregnancy, because at this point, the body is more susceptible to this virus. And if suddenly at analyzes found violations of the uterus, it is sure to preventative treatment and from this disease.
Other preventive measures are very important to. These include the factor that if one of the pair has ever suffered with this disease, the disease accounted for even one of the partners, because it is sexually transmitted. Immunostimulants in some cases considered suitable means of prevention, and in others completely inadequate.
To basic preventive measures that did not develop the disease or not occur, include the following elementary principles. The first - prevent hypothermia. The second - the refusal of alcohol and cigarette smoking. Third - the avoidance of fatigue and stress. Fourth - prevention of vitamin deficiency: it creates additional stress on the body and weakens it. And, of course, do not forget that in most cases the disease is transmitted by sexual contact, so even to be sensitive to your body, it is necessary to be more vigilant in this matter in order to avoid infection.
If warts occur more than once, it is to be constantly under medical supervision is mandatory. Screened regularly and do diagnostics to determine the state of development of the disease. In such cases, at the slightest sign of activated forms of the disease, it is recommended immediate access to a doctor and the use of their assigned treatment.
Contents:
Factors that increase the likelihood of HPV infection in women
The manifestation of HPV in women
Diagnosis of human papillomavirus in women
Treatment of HPV in women
Human papilloma virus during pregnancy
Prevention of HPV in women
Today, probably, every woman had heard about such a serious and dangerous diseases such as cancer of the cervix, which has one of the highest mortality rates in the world. However, not everyone knows that the cause of this cancer in the female body are in contact with a human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus that leads to uncontrolled cell division, resulting in the skin having genital warts, papillomas and other External symptoms of the infection.
Of particular danger is the virus dlyazhenschin because it can trigger cervical cancer. According to statistics, it is at 80% of cases.
There are over a hundred different types of HPV, 35 of which affects the mucous membranes of the genitals. Some of them provoke the appearance of warts and other lesions, others may cause cancer. Human papilloma virus types are ranked according to the degree of cancer risk: for example, distinguish viruses with a low probability of oncogenic risk (6, 11), intermediate risk (31, 33) and high-risk (16, 18, 45).
Papilloma - a benign tumor, its main element - the connective tissue papilla containing the vessels and covered with epithelium. Papillomas develop from the squamous epithelium and may appear in the mouth, genitals, as well as on the nasal mucosa.
Human papillomavirus in women is more common than in men. In general, HPV is transmitted to humans through sexual contact. However, there are other ways of infection: through household objects, with a handshake. There is the risk of catching the infection in public places, such as the swimming pool or sauna. The virus penetrates the human body through small wounds and even cracks in the skin. Most often, the symptoms of human papillomavirus infection for a long time do not appear, his incubation period can last an average of 3 months.
Especially human papilloma virus is dangerous for women because it can not give itself felt for a long time and accidentally found during gynecological examination.
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Factors that increase the likelihood of HPV infection in women
Let us consider in greater detail which of the women is at risk of the emergence of the human papilloma virus. This can contribute to the following factors.
Women often change sexual partners.
Tobacco smoking.
Immunosuppression.
Early sexual activity.
If a woman has had sexual contact with a partner who had contact with a carrier of HPV (she had warts, cervical cancer).
Alcohol abuse.
Violation of metabolism.
The presence of gynecological diseases.
Frequent use of the sauna, bath, swimming pool (it is a place of high humidity).
Availability gastritis.
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The manifestation of HPV in women
In women, HPV often manifested as follows.
Occurrence of genital warts, which are a kind of warts and look like small formations with jagged torn edges, which are located on a broad basis
. Most warts do not show any symptoms except for itching in the vulva and pain during urination or intercourse
. Genital warts (also called - genital warts) - small growths that have color color, a man appearing mostly around the anus or genitals
. For the first time these formations are shown only a few months after infection
. Genital warts are localized mainly on the cervix, in its passage, vagina and around the anus
. Occurrence of genital warts on the cervix or cervical canal significantly increases the probability of occurrence and development of malignant tumors of the cervix
.
Cervical dysplasia (when the uterus is in a precancerous condition) - a disease caused by the HPV high-risk oncogenic (HPV types 16 and 18). During normal pelvic examination is not diagnosed. It is detected as a result of cytological and histological studies.
Flat warts of the cervix - the most dangerous manifestation of the human papilloma virus, because its appearance means that the viral infection is in a woman's body for a long time and for a long time causes changes in epithelial cells of the cervix.
Cervical cancer - a malignant tumor, the cause of which is the human papillomavirus (mostly 16 and 18).
In addition to these manifestations of human papillomavirus infection in women, and there are other tumors that are causing human papillomavirus types.
Plantar warts. Warts - benign tumor on human skin caused by different HPV types. Usually, warts are rounded elevation of the skin that occur due to the strong proliferation of the surface layers of the epithelium. Plantar warts are formed in areas of strong pressure of shoes, their risk is increased in women with excessive sweating. Usually, they are very painful, hard and tangible causing discomfort when walking.
Acanthoma verrucosum - a keratinized papilloma having spherical, conical or mnogodolchatuyu form. Come in different colors: brown, flesh or blue-burgundy. It appears mainly in the neck, under the arms, on the face.
Fibropapilloma - a benign tumor, which is a knotty education, protruding above the surface of the skin. Fibropapilloma come in different sizes and shapes. Education may be brownish or pale pink. Most often occur on the head and torso.
Seborrheic wart - a benign epithelial tumor, which can be configured for several years. It has a predominantly brown color. Over time, its surface is covered with cracks, and she grows in size and can reach a diameter of 5-6 cm. Is usually localized in the neck, face, extremities.
Flat papilloma. Causes of this type of warts - HPV types 10 and 3. Flat papillomas are smooth, flat flesh-colored bumps or polygonal shapes. Symptoms appearance flat papilloma - redness, itching, inflammation of the affected area of the skin.
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Diagnosis of human papillomavirus in women
To diagnose this infection in women using the following methods.
Examination by a gynecologist. The cervix is examined by a doctor speculum for the presence of genital warts and warts.
Colposcopy. This method allows you to carefully examine the surface of the cervix using a colposcope - a special apparatus, which is able to zoom in many times. With it, the doctor conducts certain tests to help see the places affected by HPV: test with acetic acid (genital warts appear under the influence of a 3% solution of acetic acid), a sample with a solution of Lugol. They are painless and very effective.
A study of cervical scrapings (other names - a Pap test or Pap smear). It is carried out by examination under a microscope swabs taken from the mucous membrane of the cervix and cervical canal. In the event that an infection is present, the modified cells of the cervix. In addition, the method of cytology can detect cervical cancer in the initial phase, before there is no evidence of the disease, visible to the naked eye.
Digene-test to date has the highest sensitivity among all the methods of diagnosis of HPV. Its technology is based on the phenomenon of hybridization (which means that the binding of DNA to RNA probe) and capture on a solid phase monoklanalnymi hybrid antibodies obtained. Then a hybrid antibody binds to labeled enzyme. Ends test through chemiluminescence. The material for the study could serve as a tissue derived from a biopsy, scraping epithelial cells derived from the vagina or cervix.
A biopsy of the cervix - a method in which a tissue sample is taken of the cervix and examined under a microscope.
Using polymerase chain reaction is determined human papillomavirus DNA in the organism by taking scrapings from the cervical canal of the uterus.
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Treatment of HPV in women
Currently, HPV treatment is carried out by various methods, but get rid of it completely impossible. All treatment of the virus is reduced to the elimination of its clinical or subclinical symptoms. In each situation the treatment is chosen individually.
Treatment of HPV in women should take place simultaneously in several directions.
Local treatment. It provides removal of abnormal areas of the epithelium in different ways: the traditional surgically cryodestruction, radiowave method diathermocoagulation, laser, chemical removal.
Treatment of surgically removing the affected areas indicates a scalpel. It is used mainly in the presence of extensive tissue damage in cases of suspected malignant tumors.
Cryosurgery involves freezing the growths with liquid nitrogen.
With the help of radio wave coagulation eliminated genital warts. To do this, use radiowave knife.
Diathermocoagulation excision is a procedure warts electrocautery or high-frequency radiation.
Laser radiation - the elimination of tumors with a laser. It is the only procedure suitable for pregnant women to eliminate warts. But the treatment with this procedure does not exclude scarring.
Chemical removal refers to removal of entities by exposure to acidic drugs applicator means.
The appointment of antiviral drugs. Held to conduct preventive treatment, as well as during the acute phase of the disease. Such treatment is needed because of preventing the development of cancer.
The appointment of immunomodulators, vitamins and minerals. Treatment of human papillomavirus, thus helps to restore and strengthen the immune system, which is important in the fight against HPV.
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Human papilloma virus during pregnancy
The infection is very dangerous during pregnancy, for both the expectant mother and the child, the reasons for its danger - high likelihood of transmission baby during birth or in utero.
Before planning pregnancy, all women should be screened for the presence of HPV.
If during the test virus is detected, doctors usually advise to postpone the birth of a child and to conduct first treat the infection.
In cases where the human papilloma virus detected in the period of pregnancy, doctors recommend to postpone treatment until 28 weeks - all bodies of unborn baby by this time have already been formed, and will not suffer from the adverse effects of medicines. Women are not encouraged to give birth to yourself, if warts are in the vagina, because in this case the risk of infection of the child.
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Prevention of HPV in women
There are several areas of prevention of HPV in women.
Use of special preventive vaccine. Currently, the retail chain is known are two types of vaccine used to prevent cervical cancer and other genital mutilation - is "Cervarix" and "Gardasil". It should be noted that these vaccines are applied only to healthy women, ie those with the human papilloma virus is detected.
Using condoms during sexual intercourse.
Quitting smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Increase immunity.
Regular visits to the gynecologist. Periodic visits to the doctor will help detect human papillomavirus in women in the early stages of its manifestation, and is the key to a successful treatment.
From HPV infection no one is immune. However, observance of simple preventive measures can help reduce the risk of infection to a minimum. But if you still in your body is the human papilloma virus has been found, start early treatment. Remember that in this case, you care not only about their own health, but also the health of your future children!
